What is Aortic Regurgitation?
The aortic valve controls the flow of blood from the left ventricle of the heart into the aorta, the body’s main artery. Aortic regurgitation (aortic insufficiency) is a heart valve disorder that occurs when the aortic valve does not function properly. The aortic valve, made up of three leaflets, is responsible for ensuring blood flows from the heart into the aorta. When this valve does not close fully, some of the blood pumped out of the heart leaks back into the left ventricle. This backward flow is caused by the incomplete closure of the aortic valve.
Causes of Aortic Regurgitation
Several conditions can cause aortic regurgitation, including:
- Aortic Valve Insufficiency: The crescent-shaped aortic valve consists of three leaflets, which can become damaged or weakened. As a result, the valve does not open and close properly, leading to blood leaking back into the heart. Factors contributing to damage include aging, rheumatic fever (which can cause inflammation of the valve leaflets), endocarditis (inflammation of the heart lining), plaque buildup in the arteries, congenital defects, and more.
- Aortic Root Dilation: The aortic root, where the aorta originates from the heart, may enlarge, preventing the aortic valve leaflets from closing fully. This enlargement can lead to aortic regurgitation.
Symptoms of Aortic Regurgitation
The symptoms of aortic regurgitation vary among patients. While some experience mild symptoms, others may have more severe manifestations depending on the severity of the condition, overall health, and genetic factors.
Common symptoms include:
- Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity or when lying down, due to the heart’s inability to pump sufficient blood to the body.
- Fatigue and Dizziness: Reduced blood flow can lead to insufficient oxygen and nutrients reaching the body, causing fatigue and a feeling of lightheadedness.
- Heart Palpitations: Irregular or rapid heartbeats may occur as the heart works harder to pump blood.
- Chest Pain: Increased effort by the heart to pump blood can cause discomfort or a sense of pressure in the chest.
- Dizziness: Inadequate blood flow to the brain may cause dizziness or fainting spells.
- Swelling in the Legs and Feet: Poor circulation can lead to fluid accumulation and swelling in the lower extremities.
- Fainting: In some cases, fainting can occur due to insufficient blood supply to the brain.
It’s crucial for individuals with aortic regurgitation or related symptoms to consult their doctors for timely diagnosis and treatment, preventing the condition from worsening.
